Depending onthepolarity of an ESD eventyou apply to the circuit'sinputconnector, itshigh-voltagespikedischargesthroughdiode D1A orD1Binto thepositive or the negativepower-supplyrail.
In the early days of the oil industry, a New England snowstorm or a washed-out Texas rail bed could lead to a spike in prices or even shortages for entire regions of the country.